What is Noun?
A noun is a word that names something: either a person,
place, or thing. In a sentence, nouns can
play the role of subject,
direct object, indirect
object, subject complement, object complement, appositive, or adjective.
Types of Noun
In general, Nouns are categorized into six types: common noun, proper noun, concrete noun, abstract noun, collective nouns, and count and mass nouns
Common noun
A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.
Proper noun
A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. Steven, Africa, London, Monday. In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.
Concrete noun
A concrete noun is a noun which refers to people and to things that exist physically and can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. Examples include dog, building, coffee, tree, rain, beach, tune.
Abstract noun
An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger, happiness, time, friendship, humour.
Count (countable) and mass (uncountable) nouns
Nouns can be either countable or uncountable. Countable nouns (or count nouns) are those that refer to something that can be counted. Uncountable nouns (or mass nouns) do not typically refer to things that can be counted and so they do not regularly have a plural form.
l e.g. sugar, rice, salt, etc. è Micro-unit (unit that cannot be counted individually due to its tiny size)
l e.g. coffee, water, milk, etc. è Liquid substance unit (unit that cannot be counted individually due to its form as liquid)
l
e.g. grief, content, confidence, etc. è Emotive unit (unit that cannot be counted
individually due to its nature; an emotion)
l e.g. rain, earth, weather, etc. è Naturae-unit (unit that cannot be counted individually due to its nature as a natural unit)
Writing Process
Phase 1: Pre-Writing
Choosing Topic
There are several criteria for choosing topic, but one key is that you choose something that is interesting to you. If you like your own topic, you will have more energy and interest in writing about it. Finally you will write a better paragraph. After you have chosen your topic ask these questions to refine and revise your topic.l Is the topic too broad? (There is too much to write about?
l Is the topic too narow? (There is not enough to write about)
l Is the topic too broing? (It does not seem interesting)
l Is the topic too factual? (It is mostly facts; there is no strong opinion)
Gathering Idea (Brainstroming)
Before you begin your writing, you need ideas. One way to get ideas is to brainstrom a list. As you brainstrom your list, do not worry about whether you ideas are good or bad, or whether you will use them in your paragraph. Just try listing a lot of ideas.
l Write sentences, phrases, or just words.
l Do not worry about grammar or spelling.
l If you do know a word or phrase in English, try writing it in your native language.
l Write quickly, and write as many ideas as you can.
lLater, read the ideas in your list again. Decide which ones you will probably want to use in your paragraph. Cross out any ideas that do not seem useful to you.Making an Outline
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